Linear shafts / steel / stainless steel / treatment selectable / stepped on one side / internal thread / spanner flat

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Technical Drawing - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Stepped and Tapped/One End Stepped and Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

Basic Properties (e.g. material, hardness, coating, tolerance) - Linear Shafts

Type		D Tol.	Material	Hardness	Surface Treatment
W/o Wrench Flats	With Wrench Flats
VFAG	VFPG	g6	EN 1.3505 Equiv.	Induction Hardened Effective Hardened Depth >>P.112 EN 1.3505 Equiv. 58HRC~ EN 1.4037 Equiv. 56HRC~	-
VSFAG	VSFPG		EN 1.4037 Equiv.
VPFAG	VPFPG		EN 1.3505 Equiv.		Hard Chrome Plating Plating Hardness HV750 ~ Plating Thickness: 5µ or More
VPSFAG	VPSFPG		EN 1.4037 Equiv.
VRAG	VRPG		EN 1.3505 Equiv.		LTBC Plating
VSRAG	VSRPG		EN 1.4037 Equiv.

Further specifications can be found under the tab More Information.

Composition of a Product Code - Linear Shafts

Part Number	-	L	-	F	-	P	-	M	-	SC
VFAG20 VFPG20	- -	100 100	- -	F20 F20	- -	P10 P10	- -	M8 M8	- -	SC20

Alterations - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Stepped and Tapped/One End Stepped and Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

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Part Number
VFAG8-[25-298/1]-F[2-24/1]-P6-M3
VFAG10-[25-348/1]-F[2-48/1]-P[6,7,8]-M[3,4,5]
VFAG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-M[3,4,5,6]
VFAG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-MD6
VFAG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8]
VFAG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-MD[6,8]
VFAG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]
VFAG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VFAG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]
VFAG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VFAG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VFAG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VFAG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VFAG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VFAG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12,16]
VFAG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16]
VFAG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-M[5,6,8,10,12,16,20,24]
VFAG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16,20]
VFPG8-[25-298/1]-F[2-24/1]-P6-M3-SC[0-290/1]
VFPG10-[25-348/1]-F[2-48/1]-P[6,7,8]-M[3,4,5]-SC[0-340/1]
VFPG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-M[3,4,5,6]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-MD6-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-MD[6,8]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-MD[6,8,10]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-MD[6,8,10]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]-SC[0-338/1]
VFPG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]-SC[0-438/1]
VFPG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]-SC[0-438/1]
VFPG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12,16]-SC[0-438/1]
VFPG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16]-SC[0-438/1]
VFPG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-M[5,6,8,10,12,16,20,24]-SC[0-433/1]
VFPG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16,20]-SC[0-433/1]
VSFAG8-[25-298/1]-F[2-24/1]-P6-M3
VSFAG10-[25-348/1]-F[2-48/1]-P[6,7,8]-M[3,4,5]
VSFAG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-M[3,4,5,6]
VSFAG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-MD6
VSFAG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8]
VSFAG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-MD[6,8]
VSFAG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]
VSFAG15-[25-348/1]-F[2-52/1]-P[6-13/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VSFAG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8,10]
VSFAG16-[25-348/1]-F[2-56/1]-P[6-14/1]-MD[6,8,10]
VSFAG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VSFAG18-[25-348/1]-F[2-64/1]-P[8-16/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VSFAG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12]
VSFAG20-[25-448/1]-F[2-68/1]-P[8-17/1]-MD[6,8,10,12]
VSFAG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-M[4,5,6,8,10,12,16]
VSFAG25-[25-448/1]-F[2-88/1]-P[8-22/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16]
VSFAG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-M[5,6,8,10,12,16,20,24]
VSFAG30-[25-448/1]-F[2-108/1]-P[9-27/1]-MD[6,8,10,12,16,20]
VSFPG8-[25-298/1]-F[2-24/1]-P6-M3-SC[0-290/1]
VSFPG10-[25-348/1]-F[2-48/1]-P[6,7,8]-M[3,4,5]-SC[0-340/1]
VSFPG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-M[3,4,5,6]-SC[0-338/1]
VSFPG12-[25-348/1]-F[2-40/1]-P[6-10/1]-MD6-SC[0-338/1]
VSFPG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-M[3,4,5,6,8]-SC[0-338/1]
VSFPG13-[25-348/1]-F[2-44/1]-P[6-11/1]-MD[6,8]-SC[0-338/1]

Standard Unit Price	Minimum order quantity	Standard Shipping Days ?	RoHS	[D] Diameter (Shaft) (mm)	[L] Length (Shaft) (mm)	Material	Surface Treatment	Hardness	[SC] Distance (wrench flat) (mm)	[MD] Size (thread - depth 3xM) (mm)	[F] Length (stud - offset - front side) (mm)	[P] Diameter (stepped - front side) (mm)	[M] Size (thread - depth 2xM) (mm)
-	1	10 Days	10	8	25 ～ 298	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 24	6	3
-	1	10 Days	10	10	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 48	6 ～ 8	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	3 ～ 8
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6 ～ 8	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	-
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	-
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	-
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	4 ～ 12
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6 ～ 12	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	-
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	4 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	-
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	4 ～ 16
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	-
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	5 ～ 24
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	-	6 ～ 20	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	-
-	1	10 Days	10	8	25 ～ 298	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 290	-	2 ～ 24	6	3
-	1	10 Days	10	10	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	2 ～ 48	6 ～ 8	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	3 ～ 8
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6 ～ 8	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	-
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	-
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	-
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	4 ～ 12
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6 ～ 12	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	-
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 438	-	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	4 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 438	6	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	-
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 438	-	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	4 ～ 16
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 438	6	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	-
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 433	-	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	5 ～ 24
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Alloyed Steel] EN 1.3505 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (58HRC~)	0 ～ 433	6 ～ 20	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	-
-	1	10 Days	10	8	25 ～ 298	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 24	6	3
-	1	10 Days	10	10	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 48	6 ～ 8	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	3 ～ 6
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	3 ～ 8
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6 ～ 8	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	-
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	3 ～ 10
-	1	10 Days	10	15	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6 ～ 10	2 ～ 52	6 ～ 13	-
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	3 ～ 10
-	1	10 Days	10	16	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6 ～ 10	2 ～ 56	6 ～ 14	-
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	4 ～ 12
-	1	9 Days	10	18	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6 ～ 12	2 ～ 64	8 ～ 16	-
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	4 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	20	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 68	8 ～ 17	-
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	4 ～ 16
-	1	10 Days	10	25	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6	2 ～ 88	8 ～ 22	-
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	-	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	5 ～ 24
-	1	10 Days	10	30	25 ～ 448	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	-	6 ～ 20	2 ～ 108	9 ～ 27	-
-	1	10 Days	10	8	25 ～ 298	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 290	-	2 ～ 24	6	3
-	1	10 Days	10	10	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 340	-	2 ～ 48	6 ～ 8	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	3 ～ 5
-	1	10 Days	10	12	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6	2 ～ 40	6 ～ 10	-
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 338	-	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	3 ～ 8
-	1	10 Days	10	13	25 ～ 348	[Stainless Steel (martensitique)] EN 1.4037 Equiv.	No Treatment	Induction Hardening (56HRC~)	0 ～ 338	6 ～ 8	2 ～ 44	6 ～ 11	-

Back to Linear Shaft Category

Technical Drawing - Linear Shafts

Specification Tables - Linear Shafts

Overview of the shaft designs as PDF

D Tol.
D	g6
8	-0.005 -0.014
10	-0.005 -0.014
12	-0.006 -0.017
13
15
16
18
20	-0.007 -0.020
25
30

Part Number			1mm Increment			M (Coarse) Selection										Wrench Flats Dimensions			(Y) Max.	C
Type		D	L	F	P	M (Coarse) Selection										SC	W	ℓ₁	(Y) Max.	C
(W/o Wrench Flats) VFAG VSFAG VPFAG VPSFAG VRAG VSRAG	(With Wrench Flats) VFPG VSFPG VPFPG VPSFPG VRPG VSRPG	8	25~298	2≤F≤Px4	6	3										SC=1mm Increment SC+ℓ1≤L SC≥0 Details of Wrench Flats >>P.112	7	8	300	0.5 or Less
		10	25~348		6~8	3	4	5									8	8	350
		12	25~348		6~10	3	4	5	6								10	10	350
		13	25~348		6~11	3	4	5	6	8							11		350
		15	25~348		6~13	3	4	5	6	8	10						13		350
		16	25~348		6~14	3	4	5	6	8	10						14		350
		18	25~348		8~16		4	5	6	8	10	12					16		350
		20	25~448		8~17		4	5	6	8	10	12					17		450	1.0 or Less
		25	25~448		8~22		4	5	6	8	10	12	16				22		450
		30	25~448		9~27			5	6	8	10	12	16	20	24		27	15	450

P dimensions require M+3≤P. (Y) dimensions require Mx4≤(Y). When Mx2.5+4≥Y, tap pilot holes may go through.Shafts may have centering holes at end faces.

Alterations - Linear Shafts

Precision/One End Stepped and Tapped/One End Stepped and Tapped with Wrench Flats:Related Image

You find further options in detail under Option Overview.

Surface Limits / Hardness - Linear Shafts

Limits of hardness and hardening depth

The linear shafts are processed after the base material has undergone inductive hardening. Therefore, the processed surfaces may result in a deviating hardness.
In the following example, you can view the affected areas of the linear shaft, which may be affected after processing by e.g. threads, level surfaces, key surfaces and transverse bores.

Limitation of linear shaft induction hardening

Cause for deviating hardness

The raw material of the linear shaft is treated via thermal induction before grinding. Thus, a configured linear shaft can be custom-made not only cost-effectively, but also with short delivery times. The linear shaft is hardened at the boundary layer (boundary layer hardening) of the liner shaft. The depth of the hardened boundary layer depends on the material used and the diameter of the linear shaft. The following table shows the hardening depth of linear shafts.
Coatings and plating are applied to the raw material after hardening and grinding. For more information, see Coatings of the Linear Shaft.

Boundary layer hardening of a linear shaft

Figure of boundary layer hardening: hardened boundary layer in light gray

Effective hardening depth of linear shafts

Outside diameter (D)	Effective hardening depth
	EN 1.1191 equiv.	EN 1.3505 equiv.	EN 1.4125 equiv.	EN 1.4301 equiv.
3	-	+0.5	+0.5	Without induction hardening
4	-
5	-
6 - 10	+0.3
12 - 13	+0.5	+0.7	+0.5
15 - 20			+0.7
25 - 50	+0.8	+1

Overview of the effective hardening depth as PDF

Coatings of the linear shaft

The surface coating is applied to the raw material before machining the linear shaft. Thanks to their coating, the usable surface or work surface of the linear shaft is not only protected against corrosion but also against wear.
Machined positions of the linear shafts, such as plane surfaces or threads, may be uncoated, as they are added afterwards. This can lead to the machined surfaces being corroded in a linear shaft made of steel. If the linear shaft is used in a corrosive environment, it is recommended to use a stainless steel linear shaft.
The following figure shows the areas of the linear shaft that are coated (crosshatched).

Surface coating after processing the linear shaft

Figure: Coating of linear shafts

You can find further information on surface treatment and hardness in this PDF .

General Information - Linear Shafts

Linear Shaft Selection Details

- Material: steel, stainless steel

- Coating/plating: uncoated, hard chrome plated, LTBC coated, chemically nickel-plated

- Heat treatment: untreated, inductively hardened

- ISO tolerances: h5, k5, g6, h6, h7, f8

- Precision classes: perpendicularity 0.03, concentricity (with thread and increments) Ø0.02, perpendicularity 0.20, concentricity (thread and stepper) Ø0.10

- Linearity/roundness: depends on diameter, here for the PDF

Description / basics of the linear shaft

Linear shafts are steel shafts that perform guiding tasks in combination with linear bearings, such as plain bearing bushings or linear ball bushings. Linear shaft holding functions can be adopted from shaft holders or linear ball bearing adapters. Most linear shafts are heat-treated (induction hardened) solid shafts. A special design of linear shafts is the hollow shaft, which is also called tubular shaft. Inductively hardened linear shafts have a high surface hardness and a tough core. The achievable surface hardness is approx. 55-58 HRC (see information on hardening depth). Linear shafts made of stainless steels can generally not be hardened. Therefore, these steel shafts should be chrome plated to protect them from wear.

Materials

Linear shafts are mainly hardened steel shafts. In addition to the selected heat treatment, the steel used in particular imparts its properties to the linear shaft, although it is a hollow shaft or a solid shaft. Therefore, special aspects such as hardness, corrosion and wear must be considered when selecting the shaft steel.

Coatings

To protect linear shafts from corrosion, the surface can be chemically nickel-plated. As an alternative to chemical nickel-plating, steel shafts can also be coated with LTBC. The LTBC coating is an anti-corrosive surface coating and it is a low-reflection coating, made of a 5 μm thick film of fluoropolymer, which in essence is a black film. In addition, the LTBC coating is resistant to bursting pressure by extreme or repeated bending. LTBC-coated linear shafts are thus particularly suitable for locations where corrosion or light reflections are undesirable. Linear shafts that require particularly high surface hardness and wear resistance can be hard chrome plated.

Function

The form and function of linear shafts differ from linear guiderails. Linear guiderails are square rails that work in combination with carriers (rotary elements, carriages) according to the rolling or sliding principle. Linear shafts on the other hand are precision-ground round steel shafts that take on a linear guide function in conjunction with linear ball bushings or plain bearing bushings (maintenance-free bushings).

Areas of Application

Linear shafts are intended for axial motion. Whether horizontal or vertical linear motion, all linear motions can be implemented with linear shafts. Common applications are stroke mechanisms and other applications with high demands on smoothness, precision and service life. Linear shafts can therefore be used in almost all industries of plant construction and mechanical engineering. Linear shafts are often found in 3D printers, metering equipment, measuring devices, positioning devices, alignment devices, bending devices and sorting equipment.

Instructions for Use / Installation - Linear Shafts

For product selection, please observe the linear shaft tolerances (e.g. h5, k5, g6, h6, h7, f8) in conjunction with the diameter tolerance of the plain bearing bushing (sliding bearing) after pressing in or the running circle diameter of the linear ball bearing (ball bushing).

Diameter change of linear ball bushings after pressing

Inner diameter of linear ball bushings or ball bushings

Shaft Fasteners

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Linear Shafts with Linear Ball Bushings - Linear Shafts with Shaft Holder

Application Example of a Linear Shaft Application Example - Linear Shaft with Linear Ball Bearings - Linear Ball Bearings with an Adjusting Ring

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Linear Shaft with Shaft Holder

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Linear Shaft with Circlip Groove - Linear Shaft with Circlip

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Linear Shaft with Holding Washer

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Linear Thread - Outer Threaded Linear Shaft - Linear Threaded with inner and outer threads

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Cross Bore Linear Shaft - Inner Thread Linear Shaft

Application Example of a Linear Shaft - Cross Bore Linear Shaft - Outer Thread Linear Shaft

Supplementary Article

Shaft holder

Adjusting rings/clamping rings

Product range of adjusting rings - product range of clamping rings

Linear ball bearing

Plain bearing bushings

Product range of sliding bearing bushings - plain bearing with housing

Ball guides

Industrial Applications

3D printer industry

Automotive industry

Pharmaceutical industry

Packaging industry

Products homepage

Basic information

Basic Shape	Solid, One End Stepped	Shaft end Shape (Left)	Internal thread	Shaft end Shape (Right)	Straight
Shaft end Perpendicularity	0.03	Heat Treatment	Induction Hardened	ISO Tolerance	g6

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Basic Attributes

[D] Diameter (Shaft)(mm)
8

10

12

13

15

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18

20

25

30
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[L] Length (Shaft)(mm)
[25-448/1mm Unit(s)]
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Material
- Alloyed Steel
  - EN 1.3505 Equiv.
- Stainless Steel (martensitique)
  - EN 1.4037 Equiv.
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Hardness
- Induction Hardening (56HRC~)
- Induction Hardening (58HRC~)
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[SC] Distance (wrench flat)(mm)
[0-438/1mm Unit(s)]
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[MD] Size (thread - depth 3xM)(mm)
6

8

10

12

16

20
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[F] Length (stud - offset - front side)(mm)
[2-108/1mm Unit(s)]
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[P] Diameter (stepped - front side)(mm)
6

7

8
[6-27/1mm Unit(s)]
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[M] Size (thread - depth 2xM)(mm)
3

4

5

6

8

10

12

16

20

24
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Type
- VFAG
- VFPG
- VPFAG
- VPFPG
- VPSFAG
- VPSFPG
- VRAG
- VRPG
- VSFAG
- VSFPG
- VSRAG
- VSRPG
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Surface Treatment
- No Treatment
- Hard Chrome Plating
- LTBC Plating
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Optional Attributes

The specifications and dimensions of some parts may not be fully covered. For exact details, refer to manufacturer catalogs .

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Question:
What is the difference between a hollow shaft and a solid shaft?: Answer:
With the same size, there are three differences between a hollow shaft and a solid shaft. Hollow shafts weigh less. The inner cavity of a hollow shaft is suitable for use as a channel (cable channel). Solid shafts are a bit more rigid (higher resistance torque).
Question:
What is the minimum order of linear shafts from MISUMI?: Answer:
MISUMI supplies solid shafts, hollow shafts and precision shafts starting at a lot size of 1. This also applies to all other items in our product range.
Question:
Noises and vibrations occur with a linear shaft. In addition, there are jerky movements. What could cause this?: Answer:
In general, it may be caused if the steel shaft is not properly lubricated. In addition, an incorrectly selected diameter tolerance of the linear shafts may also make the cycle of motion more difficult. When using MISUMI linear ball bearings, a g6 shaft tolerance is recommended (tolerance recommendations may vary depending on the manufacturer).
Question:
What is the strength of a solid shaft?: Answer:
The strength of a linear shaft, although it is a solid shaft, hollow shaft or precision shaft, should always be selected in consideration of the strength of the material used.
Question:
What are the advantages of a hollow shaft over a solid shaft?: Answer:
There are various advantages of a hollow shaft compared to a solid shaft. If the outer diameter is the same, the weight of a hollow shaft is lower than that of a solid shaft. However, the cavity of the hollow shaft can also be used as a cable channel or for cooling. A hollow shaft is at the same weight or with the same cross-sectional area more rigid than a solid shaft, because the outer diameter is larger. However, the question that needs to be answered is whether the advantage is a greater room utilization or less weight.
Question:
Is a hollow shaft stiffer than a solid shaft?: Answer:
The rigidity of a hollow shaft is slightly lower with the same outer diameter than that of a solid shaft. However, with the same cross-sectional area or with the same weight, the stiffness of a hollow shaft is higher than that of a solid shaft, because the outer diameter of the hollow shaft is larger.
Question:
Why do I have running grooves on the linear shafts of my 3D printers?: Answer:
The running grooves on the linear shaft may have been created, for example, by using a linear ball bearing. To prevent grooves from forming on a steel shaft, it should be hardened and hard chromium plated, making it more durable and resistant to the wear and tear from ball bearings.
Question:
How do the flexure properties of hollow shafts and solid shafts differ?: Answer:
With an equally large outer diameter, a solid shaft has better flexure properties than an equally large hollow shaft. However, the solid shaft is not much stiffer than a hollow shaft with the same outer diameter, since the outer sections mainly carry the load. Hollow shafts with the same cross-sectional area are more rigid than solid shafts, because they have a larger outer diameter. Therefore, there is physically more material in the outer sections for the bending, which bears the loads.
Question:
I need a lacquered or matted shaft because reflections cause problems with the optics. Does MISUMI have something like that?: Answer:
MISUMI LTBC-coated linear shafts are an alternative to painted or matted steel shafts. The LTBC coating is low-reflection and has the same effect as painted and matte shafts. In addition, LTBC-coated linear shafts are more resistant to wear and tear and flaking. You can find further information on LTBC coating here .
Question:
It has been shown that a hollow shaft is stronger than a solid shaft made of the same material. Why?: Answer:
A hollow shaft with the same outer dimensions is principally not stronger than a solid shaft. However, a hollow shaft per weight unit is stronger.